![]() ![]() The potential participants were informed regarding the study aims and the confidentiality of the data collected. In these departments, a strategy aimed at preventing the risk of aspiration pneumonia was implemented by including also a longitudinal survey on aspiration episodes as observed by registered nurses (RNs) responsible for the patients’ care.Ī purposeful sample of RNs who (i) had reported one or more episodes during the longitudinal survey, (ii) had worked ≥3 years in the department, and (iii) were willing to participate, were identified. Three departments admitting elderly patients and located in two Italian Academic Hospitals (8 beds, respectively) were approached. Methods Study design and settingĪ qualitative study based on the Critical Incident Technique (CIT, Table 1) was performed in 2015 after Ethics Committee approval. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate the role of other factors in increasing the risk of aspiration in hospitalized patients. However, while clinical factors that increase the risk of aspiration have been identified no knowledge to date has been developed with regard to other factors, if any, which may precipitate the clinical risk factors of aspiration. Nurses play a key role in preventing aspiration and HCAP has been defined as a safety issue depending upon nursing care quality. Therefore, in some patients, aspiration may be silent because of atussia. Moreover, given that coughing prevents aspiration, both dysphagia and dystussia have recently been recognized as causal factors of aspiration pneumonia. From 0.15 to 2.27 cases of aspiration pneumonia every 10 000 patient days in public hospitals have been reported recently.Ĭomorbidities in the elderly, increased functional dependence, dementia and dysphagia, are all risk factors for aspiration pneumonia. Pulmonary aspiration is recognized as an important cause of serious illness and death and it is considered as the prevalent form of community-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Other aspiration syndromes may occur such as lung abscess or exogenous lipoid pneumonia. The first is a chemical injury caused by the inhalation of sterile gastric fluids the second occurs when a large aspirated volume of oropharyngeal secretions colonized by pathogenic bacteria cause an acute bacterial lung infection. Depending on the amount (large or micro-aspiration), nature (food, gastric content) and frequency (acute or chronic), an inhalation event may develop into aspiration pneumonitis or aspiration pneumonia. Patients could remain asymptomatic or may develop different symptoms such as dyspnoea, bronchospasm, regurgitation and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Antecedents, aspiration, clinical nurses, Critical Incident Technique, factors, qualitative study, prevention, medical units, ItalyĪspiration is defined as the inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract. ![]()
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